3 - Food Chains and Food Webs

In a food chain, what do the arrows show?

Which organism is the primary consumer in the chain: Seagrass → Snail → Snapper → Barracuda?

Which is a producer in a Caribbean lagoon?

Producers capture 20,000 kJ m⁻² yr⁻¹. Using the ~10% rule, energy available to secondary consumers is:

Which ecological pyramid is always upright?

Which organism is a decomposer in a mangrove swamp?

Which statement about food webs is correct?

Which sequence is a valid Caribbean food chain?

If parrotfish numbers fall due to overfishing, what is the most likely change on a reef?

Primary consumers receive 1,500 kJ m⁻² yr⁻¹. Using the 10% rule, energy for tertiary consumers is about:

Why is a pyramid of energy upright in every ecosystem?

Which situation would most likely produce an inverted pyramid of numbers?

In a plankton‑dominated coral reef, which pyramid may appear inverted at times?

A hawksbill turtle feeds mainly on sea sponges (animals). What is the turtle’s trophic level in that link?

An invasive lionfish preys on juvenile snappers. What is the most likely effect on shrimp normally eaten by adult snappers?

Measured energy values are: Primary = 2,400 kJ m⁻² yr⁻¹, Secondary = 360 kJ m⁻² yr⁻¹. What is the transfer efficiency from primary to secondary?

Which set correctly matches pyramid type with appropriate units?

Energy values along a chain are: Producer 12,000; Primary 1,800; Secondary 270 (kJ m⁻² yr⁻¹). The greatest absolute energy loss occurs between: